{"id":12811,"date":"2023-07-23T22:10:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T21:10:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/?p=12811"},"modified":"2023-07-23T22:10:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T21:10:03","slug":"7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/es\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/","title":{"rendered":"7.2 &#8211; Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>23. juni 2023 | 19 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#pp-podcast-9254 a, .pp-modal-window .modal-9254 a, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-9254 a, #pp-podcast-9254 .ppjs__more { color: #c8102e; } #pp-podcast-9254:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, #pp-podcast-9254:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, #pp-podcast-9254:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .modal-9254 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, .pp-modal-window .modal-9254 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, .pp-modal-window .modal-9254 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-9254 .pod-entry__play *, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-9254 .pod-entry__play:hover * { color: #c8102e !important; 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} #pp-podcast-9254.modern:not(.wide-player) .ppjs__time-handle-content { border-color: #c8102e !important; } #pp-podcast-9254.modern:not(.wide-player) .ppjs__audio-time-rail { background-color: #c8102e !important; } #pp-podcast-9254, .modal-9254, .aux-modal-9254 { --pp-accent-color: #c8102e; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-podcast-9254\" class=\"pp-podcast single-episode has-header header-hidden has-featured playerview media-audio\"  data-teaser=\"\" data-elength=\"25\" data-eunit=\"\" data-ppsdata=\"{&quot;ppe-9254-1&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;7.2 &#8211; Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695)&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;p&gt;Read more (in Norwegian) at:&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.norgeshistorie.no\\\/kirkestat\\\/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html\\&quot;&gt;https:\\\/\\\/www.norgeshistorie.no\\\/kirkestat\\\/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html&lt;\\\/a&gt;\\u00a0&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/snl.no\\\/trolldomsprosessene\\&quot;&gt;https:\\\/\\\/snl.no\\\/trolldomsprosessene&lt;\\\/a&gt;\\u00a0&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Email: Laernorsknaa@gmail.com&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Transcript:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\\\/\\&quot; target=\\&quot;_blank\\&quot; rel=\\&quot;noopener noreferer\\&quot;&gt;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\\\/&lt;\\\/a&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Support me here &#8211;&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Patreon:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.patreon.com\\\/laernorsknaa\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060https:\\\/\\\/www.patreon.com\\\/laernorsknaa\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Donasjon (Paypal):\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.paypal.com\\\/donate\\\/?hosted_button_id=KG22H9FPVG22N\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060Doner (paypal.com)\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For more content to learn Norwegian &#8211;&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;YouTube:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;In this episode, we will discuss which hunts in the period between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as they reached their peak between 1570 and 1680. To understand these events, it is crucial to recognize that &#8221;witchcraft&#8221; and &#8221;sorcery&#8221; were not entirely new concepts in 1570. What changed was the involvement of the judiciary, which began actively hunting and trying witches in court cases.&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Many people have a perception that the Middle Ages was especially brutal and that everything improved during the Renaissance in the 1400s. The witch trials in Europe provide a compelling example that challenges this simplistic view. During the Middle Ages, scholars largely dismissed the belief in witches and sorcery, attributing such claims to illusions and trickery, merely products of people&#039;s imagination. However, this perspective gradually shifted by the late 1300s. A belief in &#8221;black magic&#8221; emerged, which was thought to cause harm to both people and animals. Nevertheless, it wasn&#039;t until the late 1500s and 1600s that the witch trials really escalated.&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Marius Stangeland&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;23-07-2023&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/podcasters.spotify.com\\\/pod\\\/show\\\/marius-stangeland1\\\/episodes\\\/7-2---Whitch-Trials-in-Norway-1570-1695-e279d2b&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/anchor.fm\\\/s\\\/4adac90c\\\/podcast\\\/play\\\/73757195\\\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2023-6-23%2F340389486-44100-2-4a7bd9b8328d1.m4a&quot;,&quot;featured&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-768x768.jpg&quot;,&quot;featured_id&quot;:12817,&quot;mediatype&quot;:&quot;audio&quot;,&quot;season&quot;:7,&quot;categories&quot;:[],&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;18:45&quot;,&quot;episodetype&quot;:&quot;full&quot;,&quot;timestamp&quot;:1690146632,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;654177e64b282cee45bcf0634fc93df6&quot;,&quot;fset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-100x100.jpg 100w&quot;,&quot;fratio&quot;:1},&quot;load_info&quot;:{&quot;loaded&quot;:1,&quot;displayed&quot;:1,&quot;offset&quot;:0,&quot;maxItems&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;3ededa9a19390bfc730d953d0b77d32d&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:1,&quot;sortby&quot;:&quot;sort_date_desc&quot;,&quot;filterby&quot;:&quot;7.2 - Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695)&quot;,&quot;fixed&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;args&quot;:{&quot;imgurl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\\\/production\\\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\\\/12458523\\\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg&quot;,&quot;imgset&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;display&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hddesc&quot;:0,&quot;hdfeat&quot;:0,&quot;oricov&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\\\/production\\\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\\\/12458523\\\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg&quot;,&quot;elength&quot;:25}},&quot;rdata&quot;:{&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/es\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\\\/12811&quot;,&quot;fprint&quot;:&quot;3ededa9a19390bfc730d953d0b77d32d&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;feedurl&quot;,&quot;elen&quot;:25,&quot;eunit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;teaser&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Norsk for Beginners&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__wrapper\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__info pod-info\"><div class=\"pod-info__header pod-header\"><div class=\"pod-header__image\"><div class=\"pod-header__image-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"podcast-cover-image\" src=\"https:\/\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\/production\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\/12458523\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 25vw\" alt=\"Norsk for Beginners\"><\/div><span class=\"pod-header__image-style\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; padding-top: 100%\"><\/div><div class=\"pod-header__items pod-items\"><div class=\"pod-items__title\">Noruego hecho divertido<\/div><div class=\"pod-items__desc\"><p>Norsk for Beginners is a podcast aimed at beginners of Norwegian (A1-A2). The episodes are structured in two parts: One Norwegian speaking part and the second in English, explaining the Norwegian part and examining some Norwegian vocabulary used in the episode. I speak Norwegian in a clear, slow and deliberate manner, perfect for beginners. Get some listening practice by listening to &#8220;Norsk for Beginners&#8221;!<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"pod-items__navi-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.google.com\/feed\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy80YWRhYzkwYy9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw==\" class=\"subscribe-item pp-badge google-sub\" target=\"_blank\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-google\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-google\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-google\"><\/use><\/svg><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-listen-text\">Esc\u00fachalo en:<\/span><span class=\"sub-item-text\"><span>Google <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">P\u00f3dcast<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/4SfBgxjXLwoVjtkHY1nCZb\" class=\"subscribe-item pp-badge spotify-sub\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-listen-text\">Esc\u00fachalo en:<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-spotify\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-spotify\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-spotify\"><\/use><\/svg><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-item-text\">Spotify<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pp-podcast__content pod-content\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__single\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__player\"><div class=\"pp-player-episode\"><audio id=\"pp-podcast-9254-player\" preload=\"none\" class=\"pp-podcast-episode\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/s\/4adac90c\/podcast\/play\/73757195\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2023-6-23%2F340389486-44100-2-4a7bd9b8328d1.m4a\" \/><\/audio><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__episode episode-single\"><button class=\"episode-single__close\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Cerrar el episodio individual\"><span class=\"btn-icon-wrap\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><div class=\"episode-single__wrapper\"><div class=\"episode-single__header\"><div class=\"episode-single__title\">7.2 &#8211; Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695)<\/div><div class=\"episode-single__author\"><span class=\"byname\">por<\/span><span class=\"single-author\">Marius Stangeland<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"episode-single__description\"><p>Read more (in Norwegian) at:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.norgeshistorie.no\/kirkestat\/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html\">https:\/\/www.norgeshistorie.no\/kirkestat\/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/snl.no\/trolldomsprosessene\">https:\/\/snl.no\/trolldomsprosessene<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p><\/p><p>Email: Laernorsknaa@gmail.com<\/p><p>Transcript:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/es\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferer\">https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Support me here &#8211;&gt;<\/strong><\/p><p>Patreon:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/laernorsknaa\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/laernorsknaa\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p><p>Donasjon (Paypal):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\/?hosted_button_id=KG22H9FPVG22N\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060Doner (paypal.com)\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>For more content to learn Norwegian &#8211;&gt;<\/strong><\/p><p>YouTube:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>In this episode, we will discuss which hunts in the period between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as they reached their peak between 1570 and 1680. To understand these events, it is crucial to recognize that &#8221;witchcraft&#8221; and &#8221;sorcery&#8221; were not entirely new concepts in 1570. What changed was the involvement of the judiciary, which began actively hunting and trying witches in court cases.<\/p><p>Many people have a perception that the Middle Ages was especially brutal and that everything improved during the Renaissance in the 1400s. The witch trials in Europe provide a compelling example that challenges this simplistic view. During the Middle Ages, scholars largely dismissed the belief in witches and sorcery, attributing such claims to illusions and trickery, merely products of people&#039;s imagination. However, this perspective gradually shifted by the late 1300s. A belief in &#8221;black magic&#8221; emerged, which was thought to cause harm to both people and animals. Nevertheless, it wasn&#039;t until the late 1500s and 1600s that the witch trials really escalated.<\/p><p>The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ppjs__img-wrapper\"><div class=\"ppjs__img-btn-cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ppjs__img-btn\" src=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-768x768.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/12458523-1690146654044-71cf2f8341096-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" alt=\"7.2 &#8211; Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695)\"><\/div><span class=\"ppjs__img-btn-style\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; padding-top: 100%\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__launcher pod-launch\"><button class=\"pod-launch__button pod-launch__info pod-button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"ppjs__offscreen\">Mostrar la informaci\u00f3n del p\u00f3dcast<\/span><span class=\"btn-icon-wrap\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-podcast\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-podcast\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-podcast\"><\/use><\/svg><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transcripci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group transcript has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eff8ff\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Early Modern Norway, that is Norway from the Reformation until about 1814, was marked by many processes happening in Europe at the same time such as the colonization of the Americas, religious conflicts in Europe, and slow but steady economic growth. It was also marked by religious changes, and the most remarkable and gruesome of this is probably the rise of the witch hunts. We will mainly focus on Norway, but this was a pan-European and pan-Atlantic phenomenon that was especially harsh in countries such as Germany and France. Let\u2019s start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heksejakt i Norge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I denne episoden skal vi snakke om <strong>heksejakt<\/strong>, eller som det ble kalt p\u00e5 den tida <strong>trolldomsprosesser<\/strong>. <strong>Heksejakt <\/strong>var aller st\u00f8rst i perioden fra 1570 til 1680. For \u00e5 forst\u00e5 <strong>heksejakt <\/strong>er det viktig \u00e5 forst\u00e5 at \u201c<strong>trolldom<\/strong>\u201d og \u201chekseri\u201d ikke var noe nytt som kom i 1570. Det som var nytt var heller at <strong>rettsvesenet <\/strong>blandet seg inn og begynte \u00e5 jakte p\u00e5 hekser og d\u00f8mme dem i rettssaker.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mange har et bilde av at middelalderen var <strong>grusom <\/strong>og at alt ble bedre ved renessansen p\u00e5 1400-tallet. Hekseprosessene i Europa er et godt eksempel som <strong>motbeviser <\/strong>dette enkle bildet. <strong>Fagfolk <\/strong>i middealderen trodde faktisk stort sett ikke p\u00e5 hekseri og trolldom. Det ble beskrevet som <strong>illusjoner <\/strong>og <strong>bedrageri<\/strong>, alts\u00e5 noe som folk bare finner p\u00e5. Det var f\u00f8rst i slutten p\u00e5 1300-tallet at dette endret seg. Gradvis dukker det opp en tro p\u00e5 \u201c<strong>svart magi<\/strong>\u201d for \u00e5 skade og drepe b\u00e5de folk og dyr. Men det er alts\u00e5 f\u00f8rst p\u00e5 slutten av 1500-tallet og 1600-tallet at hekseprosessene \u00f8ker i stor skala.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spesielt mellom 1580 og 1630 var det mange heksebrenninger. Mer enn halvparten av de dokumenterte rettssakene skjedde i denne perioden. Forskere mener at <strong>religi\u00f8se konflikter<\/strong>, <strong>politisk og \u00f8konomisk ustabilitet<\/strong>, <strong>klimaforverring <\/strong>og gjentatte <strong>hungersn\u00f8dsperioder<\/strong>, la grunnlaget for jakten p\u00e5 hekser. Denne <strong>forf\u00f8lgelsen <\/strong>ble st\u00f8ttet teoretisk av en <strong>utbredt <\/strong>tro p\u00e5 djevelen og hekseri. Mange b\u00f8ker ble skrevet om hekser og hekseri. Man antar at til sammen ca. 60 000 ble <strong>henrettet<\/strong>, alts\u00e5 drept, for hekseri i Europa og Amerika. I Norge ble 310 d\u00f8mt og drept for hekseri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et kjennetegn ved <strong>heksejakten <\/strong>var at det var aller flest kvinner som ble d\u00f8mt for hekseri. Man har funnet ut at hele 75 % av de som ble d\u00f8mt for hekseri var kvinner og bare 25 % menn. Likevel er det viktig \u00e5 understreke at det finnes unntak fra dette. I noen land og i noen regioner var det flest menn som ble d\u00f8mt for hekseri. Men alt i alt var det alts\u00e5 kvinner som i st\u00f8rst grad ble d\u00f8mt for hekseri. En grunn til dette var at mange l\u00e6rde mente at kvinner lettere lot seg friste av djevelen enn det menn gjorde. I et kj\u00f8nnsperspektiv kan <strong>heksejakt <\/strong>faktisk ha v\u00e6rt en m\u00e5te \u00e5 sette grenser og disiplinere akseptabel kvinneoppf\u00f8rsel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Det som er viktig \u00e5 understreke er at de aller fleste lokalsamfunn ikke hadde noen hekseprosesser eller <strong>forf\u00f8lgelser<\/strong>. Heksebrenning og hekse<strong>forf\u00f8lgelse<\/strong> var ikke s\u00e5 vanlig i perioden som mye av popul\u00e6rkulturen skal ha oss til \u00e5 tro. Likevel finner vi slike store <strong>heksejakter <\/strong>enkelte steder. I Norge var det for eksempel langt flere hekseprosesser p\u00e5 vestkysten enn i \u00f8st. Likevel var det f\u00e6rre hekseprosesser i Norge enn i mange andre europeiske land som Frankrike og Tyskland, men i forhold til folketall var det ganske mange hekseprosesser i Norge. Finnmark er et s\u00e6rtilfelle i Norge. Der var det spesielt mange hekseprosesser. Finnmark ligger helt nord i Norge, helt ved grensa til Finnland og Russland. Det er et omr\u00e5de med mange samer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I Norge stod Finnmark for 14 % av <strong>trolldom<\/strong>ssakene, men bare \u00e9n prosent av befolkningen. Sakene i Finnmark var ogs\u00e5 mer alvorlige enn ellers i landet og flere ble d\u00f8mt til d\u00f8den. \u00c9n mulig forklaring p\u00e5 dette er at mange av hekseprosessene begynte som lokalkonflikter mellom nordmenn og samer. Likevel er dette noe vi enda ikke helt forst\u00e5r og som det enn\u00e5 blir forsket en del p\u00e5. Det er f\u00e5 referanser til samisk religion og sjamanisme i rettsdokumentene fra Finnmark, s\u00e5 hekseprosessene i Finnmark var nok ikke et <strong>korstog <\/strong>mot samisk religion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I Norge var det totalt ca. 310 som ble d\u00f8mt til d\u00f8den for <strong>hekseri<\/strong>. 50 av dem var menn, mens ca. 260 var kvinner.&nbsp; I Norge var alts\u00e5 over 85 % av de d\u00f8dsd\u00f8mte kvinner, noe som ligner veldig p\u00e5 resten av Europa. Det finnes likevel ogs\u00e5 unntak i Norge. Vest-Finnmark var et omr\u00e5de der flesteparten av de som ble d\u00f8mt til d\u00f8den var menn. Dette har nok noe med den samiske befolkningen i omr\u00e5det \u00e5 gj\u00f8re. Den f\u00f8rste heksebrenninga i Norge skjedde i Skien-omr\u00e5det p\u00e5 \u00d8stlandet i ca. 1570. Den siste personen i Norge som ble d\u00f8mt og drept for <strong>hekseri <\/strong>var Johanne Nielsdatter i Kv\u00e6fjord i Troms i Nord-Norge i 1695.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For mer informasjon om hekse<strong>forf\u00f8lgelsene<\/strong> i Europa og i Norge p\u00e5 norsk kan dere finne to internettkilder i deskripsjonen fra SNL og Norgeshistorie.no:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.norgeshistorie.no\/kirkestat\/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/snl.no\/trolldomsprosessene\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Witch Hunts in Norway&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this episode, we will discuss which hunts in the period between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as they reached their peak between 1570 and 1680. To understand these events, it is crucial to recognize that &#8220;witchcraft&#8221; and &#8220;sorcery&#8221; were not entirely new concepts in 1570. What changed was the involvement of the judiciary, which began actively hunting and trying witches in court cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people have a perception that the Middle Ages was especially brutal and that everything improved during the Renaissance in the 1400s. The witch trials in Europe provide a compelling example that challenges this simplistic view. During the Middle Ages, scholars largely dismissed the belief in witches and sorcery, attributing such claims to illusions and trickery, merely products of people&#8217;s imagination. However, this perspective gradually shifted by the late 1300s. A belief in &#8220;black magic&#8221; emerged, which was thought to cause harm to both people and animals. Nevertheless, it wasn&#8217;t until the late 1500s and 1600s that the witch trials really escalated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A characteristic feature of the witch hunts was that the majority of those accused and convicted of witchcraft were women. Records indicate that a staggering 75% of those accused of witchcraft were women, with only 25% being men. However, it is essential to emphasize that there were exceptions to this trend. In some countries and regions, more men were accused of witchcraft than women. Overall, though, women were the primary targets of witch trials. One reason for this was that many learned individuals believed that women were more susceptible to temptation by the devil than men. From a gender perspective, the witch hunts might have been a means of establishing boundaries and disciplining what was considered acceptable and unacceptable female behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to stress that the majority of local communities did not engage in witch trials or persecutions. Witch burnings and witch hunts were not as common during the period as popular culture may lead us to believe. Nonetheless, such large-scale witch hunts did occur in some places. In Norway, for example, there were far more witch trials on the west coast than in the east. However, there were still fewer witch trials in Norway compared to many other European countries like France and Germany. But considering the population size, Norway had a significant number of witch trials. Finnmark, located in the northernmost part of Norway, near the borders of Finland and Russia, stands out as a particular case. It was and is an area with a substantial Sami population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finnmark accounted for 14% of witchcraft cases in Norway, despite comprising only 1% of the total population. The cases in Finnmark were also more severe than elsewhere in the country, with more individuals being sentenced to death. One possible explanation for this is that many witch trials began as local conflicts between Norwegians and Samis. However, this is still not fully understood and continues to be the subject of ongoing research. There are few references to Sami religion and shamanism in the legal documents from Finnmark, indicating that the witch trials in Finnmark were probably not a crusade against Sami religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Norway, a total of around 310 individuals were sentenced to death for witchcraft. Among them, 50 were men, while approximately 260 were women. Therefore, over 85% of those sentenced to death in Norway were women, similar to the rest of Europe. However, there were also exceptions in Norway. In West Finnmark, an area with a predominant Sami population, the majority of those sentenced to death were men. The first witch burning in Norway occurred around 1570 in the Skien area in the Eastern part of the country. The last person in Norway to be convicted and killed for witchcraft was Johanne Nielsdatter in Kv\u00e6fjord, Troms, in Northern Norway, in 1695.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Norwegian<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>English<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Example Sentence (Norwegian)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>heksejakt<\/td><td>witch hunt<\/td><td>Heksejakt var vanlig i Europa p\u00e5 1600-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>trolldomsprosesser<\/td><td>witchcraft trials<\/td><td>Trolldomsprosessene f\u00f8rte til mange henrettelser.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>trolldom<\/td><td>sorcery, witchcraft<\/td><td>De ble anklaget for trolldom og hekseri.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>hekseri<\/td><td>witchcraft<\/td><td>Anklagene om hekseri spredte seg raskt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>rettsvesenet<\/td><td>the judiciary<\/td><td>Rettsvesenet var involvert i \u00e5 d\u00f8mme hekser.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>grusomt<\/td><td>cruel, brutal<\/td><td>Middelalderen blir ofte beskrevet som grusom.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>motbeviser<\/td><td>contradicts, disproves<\/td><td>Dette funnet motbeviser tidligere antagelser.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>fagfolk<\/td><td>professionals, experts<\/td><td>Fagfolk hadde forskjellige syn p\u00e5 hekseri.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>illusjoner<\/td><td>illusions<\/td><td>Mange trodde at hekseri var bare illusjoner.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>bedrageri<\/td><td>deception, fraud<\/td><td>Hekseri var ansett som et bedrageri i middelalderen.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>svart magi<\/td><td>black magic<\/td><td>De beskyldte henne for \u00e5 praktisere svart magi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>religi\u00f8se konflikter<\/td><td>religious conflicts<\/td><td>Religi\u00f8se konflikter bidro til heksejakt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>politisk ustabilitet<\/td><td>political instability<\/td><td>Norge opplevde politisk ustabilitet og borgerkrig&nbsp; p\u00e5 1100-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00f8konomisk ustabilitet<\/td><td>economic instability<\/td><td>\u00d8konomisk ustabilitet f\u00f8rte til sosiale problemer.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>klimaforverring<\/td><td>climate deterioration<\/td><td>Klimaforverringen p\u00e5virket avlingene i Europa.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>hungersn\u00f8dsperioder<\/td><td>periods of famine<\/td><td>Mange led og d\u00f8de under hungersn\u00f8dsperioder.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>forf\u00f8lgelse<\/td><td>persecution<\/td><td>Hekseforf\u00f8lgelse var utbredt p\u00e5 den tiden.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>utbredt<\/td><td>widespread<\/td><td>Det var en utbredt tro p\u00e5 hekseri i Europa p\u00e5 1500- og 1600-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>korstog<\/td><td>crusade<\/td><td>Noen hevder at hekseprosessene var et korstog mot kvinner.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>henrettet<\/td><td>executed<\/td><td>Mange ble urettmessig henrettet for hekseri.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[249],"tags":[868,75,869],"class_list":["post-12811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norsk-for-beginners","tag-heksejakt","tag-norsk-historie","tag-tidlig-nytid"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>7.2 - Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695) &#8211; L\u00e6r norsk n\u00e5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"7.2 - Whitch Trials in Norway (1570-1695) &#8211; L\u00e6r norsk n\u00e5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L\u00e6r norsk n\u00e5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T21:10:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T21:10:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/13-consumed-by-fire.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marius Stangeland\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marius Stangeland\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marius Stangeland\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/#\/schema\/person\/372f7f766a136344430614732659b5f2\"},\"headline\":\"7.2 &#8211; 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