{"id":21318,"date":"2023-08-27T13:14:29","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T12:14:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/?p=21318"},"modified":"2023-08-27T13:14:30","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T12:14:30","slug":"7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/es\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\/","title":{"rendered":"7.3 &#8211; The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>27 august 2023 | 15 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">#pp-podcast-8595 a, .pp-modal-window .modal-8595 a, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-8595 a, #pp-podcast-8595 .ppjs__more { color: #c8102e; } #pp-podcast-8595:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, #pp-podcast-8595:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, #pp-podcast-8595:not(.modern) .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .modal-8595 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button *, .pp-modal-window .modal-8595 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:hover *, .pp-modal-window .modal-8595 .ppjs__audio .ppjs__button.ppjs__playpause-button button:focus *, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-8595 .pod-entry__play *, .pp-modal-window .aux-modal-8595 .pod-entry__play:hover * { color: #c8102e !important; 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} #pp-podcast-8595.modern:not(.wide-player) .ppjs__time-handle-content { border-color: #c8102e !important; } #pp-podcast-8595.modern:not(.wide-player) .ppjs__audio-time-rail { background-color: #c8102e !important; } #pp-podcast-8595, .modal-8595, .aux-modal-8595 { --pp-accent-color: #c8102e; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-podcast-8595\" class=\"pp-podcast single-episode has-header header-hidden has-featured playerview media-audio\"  data-teaser=\"\" data-elength=\"25\" data-eunit=\"\" data-ppsdata=\"{&quot;ppe-8595-1&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;7.3 &#8211; The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century)&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;p&gt;Email: Laernorsknaa@gmail.com&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Transcript:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\\\/\\&quot; target=\\&quot;_blank\\&quot; rel=\\&quot;noopener noreferer\\&quot;&gt;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\\\/&lt;\\\/a&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Support me here &#8211;&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Patreon:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.patreon.com\\\/laernorsknaa\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060https:\\\/\\\/www.patreon.com\\\/laernorsknaa\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Donasjon (Paypal):\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.paypal.com\\\/donate\\\/?hosted_button_id=KG22H9FPVG22N\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060Doner (paypal.com)\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For more content to learn Norwegian &#8211;&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;YouTube:\\u00a0&lt;a href=\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\\&quot;&gt;\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\\u2060\\u2060\\u2060&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. It was a period of significant changes in Norway. New ideas arrived in Norway from other European countries. New plants, like the potato, came from South America. People enjoyed better health and longer lives. This was a period marked by the ideals and values of the Enlightenment, although the Norwegian Enlightenment was not identical to the French. But what was the Enlightenment really?&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;\\u00a0The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when intellectuals in Europe, led by French intellectuals, began advocating for science, freedom, and tolerance. The French philosophers Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are especially well-known. In Norway, the Enlightenment was led by priests and bishops.\\u00a0&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&lt;p&gt;Priests played a central role as intellectuals in Norway. They formed networks for the collection and dissemination of knowledge. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, the bishop of Trondheim, was particularly important. He was a skilled network builder for Norwegian science and gathered a wealth of historical and scientific knowledge in Norway. Priests also played a crucial role in spreading knowledge in agriculture. This is how the potato was introduced to Norway. Priests, who earned the nickname &#8221;potato priests,&#8221; traveled around Norway and convinced farmers to plant potatoes from South America. Potatoes are highly resilient, and many in Norway had more to eat because of them.&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Marius Stangeland&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;27-08-2023&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/podcasters.spotify.com\\\/pod\\\/show\\\/marius-stangeland1\\\/episodes\\\/7-3---The-Enlightenment-in-Norway-the-18th-century-e28ivup&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/anchor.fm\\\/s\\\/4adac90c\\\/podcast\\\/play\\\/75120025\\\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2023-7-27%2F344611734-44100-2-6a988eb3678ec.m4a&quot;,&quot;featured&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-768x768.jpg&quot;,&quot;featured_id&quot;:21329,&quot;mediatype&quot;:&quot;audio&quot;,&quot;season&quot;:7,&quot;categories&quot;:[],&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;16:04&quot;,&quot;episodetype&quot;:&quot;full&quot;,&quot;timestamp&quot;:1693138496,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ee58c24082c8155ca4af26e2c30429ab&quot;,&quot;fset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-100x100.jpg 100w&quot;,&quot;fratio&quot;:1},&quot;load_info&quot;:{&quot;loaded&quot;:1,&quot;displayed&quot;:1,&quot;offset&quot;:0,&quot;maxItems&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;3ededa9a19390bfc730d953d0b77d32d&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:1,&quot;sortby&quot;:&quot;sort_date_desc&quot;,&quot;filterby&quot;:&quot;7.3 - The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century)&quot;,&quot;fixed&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;args&quot;:{&quot;imgurl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\\\/production\\\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\\\/12458523\\\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg&quot;,&quot;imgset&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;display&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hddesc&quot;:0,&quot;hdfeat&quot;:0,&quot;oricov&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\\\/production\\\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\\\/12458523\\\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg&quot;,&quot;elength&quot;:25}},&quot;rdata&quot;:{&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/laernorsknaa.com\\\/es\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\\\/21318&quot;,&quot;fprint&quot;:&quot;3ededa9a19390bfc730d953d0b77d32d&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;feedurl&quot;,&quot;elen&quot;:25,&quot;eunit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;teaser&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Norsk for Beginners&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;&quot;}}\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__wrapper\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__info pod-info\"><div class=\"pod-info__header pod-header\"><div class=\"pod-header__image\"><div class=\"pod-header__image-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"podcast-cover-image\" src=\"https:\/\/d3t3ozftmdmh3i.cloudfront.net\/production\/podcast_uploaded_nologo\/12458523\/12458523-1612293410160-23a9be9fbb4dc.jpg\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 25vw\" alt=\"Norsk for Beginners\"><\/div><span class=\"pod-header__image-style\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; padding-top: 100%\"><\/div><div class=\"pod-header__items pod-items\"><div class=\"pod-items__title\">Noruego hecho divertido<\/div><div class=\"pod-items__desc\"><p>Norsk for Beginners is a podcast aimed at beginners of Norwegian (A1-A2). The episodes are structured in two parts: One Norwegian speaking part and the second in English, explaining the Norwegian part and examining some Norwegian vocabulary used in the episode. I speak Norwegian in a clear, slow and deliberate manner, perfect for beginners. Get some listening practice by listening to &#8220;Norsk for Beginners&#8221;!<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"pod-items__navi-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.google.com\/feed\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy80YWRhYzkwYy9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw==\" class=\"subscribe-item pp-badge google-sub\" target=\"_blank\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-google\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-google\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-google\"><\/use><\/svg><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-listen-text\">Esc\u00fachalo en:<\/span><span class=\"sub-item-text\"><span>Google <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">P\u00f3dcast<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/4SfBgxjXLwoVjtkHY1nCZb\" class=\"subscribe-item pp-badge spotify-sub\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-listen-text\">Esc\u00fachalo en:<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-spotify\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-spotify\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-spotify\"><\/use><\/svg><span class=\"sub-text\"><span class=\"sub-item-text\">Spotify<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pp-podcast__content pod-content\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__single\"><div class=\"pp-podcast__player\"><div class=\"pp-player-episode\"><audio id=\"pp-podcast-8595-player\" preload=\"none\" class=\"pp-podcast-episode\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/s\/4adac90c\/podcast\/play\/75120025\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2023-7-27%2F344611734-44100-2-6a988eb3678ec.m4a\" \/><\/audio><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__episode episode-single\"><button class=\"episode-single__close\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Cerrar el episodio individual\"><span class=\"btn-icon-wrap\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><div class=\"episode-single__wrapper\"><div class=\"episode-single__header\"><div class=\"episode-single__title\">7.3 &#8211; The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century)<\/div><div class=\"episode-single__author\"><span class=\"byname\">por<\/span><span class=\"single-author\">Marius Stangeland<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"episode-single__description\"><p>Email: Laernorsknaa@gmail.com<\/p><p>Transcript:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/es\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferer\">https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\/<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Support me here &#8211;&gt;<\/strong><\/p><p>Patreon:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/laernorsknaa\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/laernorsknaa\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p><p>Donasjon (Paypal):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\/?hosted_button_id=KG22H9FPVG22N\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060Doner (paypal.com)\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>For more content to learn Norwegian &#8211;&gt;<\/strong><\/p><p>YouTube:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\">\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p>Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. It was a period of significant changes in Norway. New ideas arrived in Norway from other European countries. New plants, like the potato, came from South America. People enjoyed better health and longer lives. This was a period marked by the ideals and values of the Enlightenment, although the Norwegian Enlightenment was not identical to the French. But what was the Enlightenment really?<\/p><p>\u00a0The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when intellectuals in Europe, led by French intellectuals, began advocating for science, freedom, and tolerance. The French philosophers Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are especially well-known. In Norway, the Enlightenment was led by priests and bishops.\u00a0<\/p><p>Priests played a central role as intellectuals in Norway. They formed networks for the collection and dissemination of knowledge. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, the bishop of Trondheim, was particularly important. He was a skilled network builder for Norwegian science and gathered a wealth of historical and scientific knowledge in Norway. Priests also played a crucial role in spreading knowledge in agriculture. This is how the potato was introduced to Norway. Priests, who earned the nickname &#8221;potato priests,&#8221; traveled around Norway and convinced farmers to plant potatoes from South America. Potatoes are highly resilient, and many in Norway had more to eat because of them.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ppjs__img-wrapper\"><div class=\"ppjs__img-btn-cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ppjs__img-btn\" src=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-768x768.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/laernorsknaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12458523-1693138530577-e96cac1f257a9-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" alt=\"7.3 &#8211; The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century)\"><\/div><span class=\"ppjs__img-btn-style\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; padding-top: 100%\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"pod-content__launcher pod-launch\"><button class=\"pod-launch__button pod-launch__info pod-button\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"ppjs__offscreen\">Mostrar la informaci\u00f3n del p\u00f3dcast<\/span><span class=\"btn-icon-wrap\"><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-podcast\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-podcast\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-podcast\"><\/use><\/svg><svg class=\"icon icon-pp-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\"><use href=\"#icon-pp-x\" xlink:href=\"#icon-pp-x\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transcripci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group transcript has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eff8ff\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Heihei og velkommen til en ny episode av podkasten. In this episode, we will talk about the Enlightenment in Norway. The Enlightenment is a name given to the 18th century by the contemporaries. It was a time of development, growth, new ideas, and new political arrangements. But how enlightened was it really? We will focus on Norway\u2019s part in this. In Norwegian, \u201cthe Enlightenment\u201d is \u201cOpplysningstiden\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opplysningstiden<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norsk opplysningstid begynte tidlig p\u00e5 1700-tallet og varte fram til tidlig p\u00e5 1800-tallet. Det var en tid med betydelige endringer i Norge. Nye ideer kom til Norge fra andre europeiske land. Nye planter, som poteten, kom fra S\u00f8r-Amerika. Folk fikk bedre helse og levde lenger. Dette var en periode som ble preget av opplysningens id\u00e9er og verdier, selv om den norske opplysningstiden ikke var lik den franske. Men hva var egentlig opplysningstiden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opplysningstiden var en periode p\u00e5 1700-tallet da intellektuelle i Europa, ledet av franske intellektuelle, begynte \u00e5 argumentere for vitenskap, frihet og toleranse. De franske opplysningsmennene Montesquieu, Voltaire og Rousseau er spesielt kjente. I Norge ble opplysningstiden ledet av prester og biskoper.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prester spilte en sentral rolle som opplysningsmenn i Norge. De dannet nettverk for innsamling og formidling av kunnskap. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, biskopen i Trondheim, var spesielt viktig. Han var en god nettverksbygger for norsk vitenskap og samlet mye historisk og naturvitenskapelig kunnskap i Norge. Prestene var ogs\u00e5 viktige med \u00e5 spre kunnskap i jordbruket. Det var slik poteten ble innf\u00f8rt i Norge. Prester, som fikk kallenavnet potetprestene, reiste rundt i Norge og fikk b\u00f8nder til \u00e5 plante poteten fra S\u00f8r-Amerika. Poteten t\u00e5ler veldig mye og mange i Norge fikk mer \u00e5 spise p\u00e5 grunn av poteten.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opplysningstiden i Norge s\u00e5 ogs\u00e5 en forbedring i helse og levealder. I denne perioden var det en stor \u00f8kning i forventet levealder. I 1750 var den gjennomsnittlige forventede levealderen i Norge kun 35 \u00e5r. Dette betydde ikke at folk d\u00f8de da de var 35 \u00e5r gamle, men heller at det var s\u00e5 h\u00f8y barned\u00f8delighet I tillegg d\u00f8de mange av sykdommer som pest. Men mot slutten av 1700-tallet og begynnelsen av 1800-tallet begynte levealderen \u00e5 stige. Dette skyldtes blant annet bedre forst\u00e5else av helse, hygiene, og kosthold. Det ble etablert sykehus, apoteker og jordmorutdanning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En viktig faktor bak den \u00f8kende levealderen og befolkningsveksten var fallet i d\u00f8deligheten. Pestepidemiene som hadde herjet tidligere, forsvant fra Europa. Andre epidemier, som flekktyfus, dysenteri og kopper, ble gradvis mindre katastrofale og forsvant nesten helt etter 1815. Dette gjorde at folketallet \u00f8kte betydelig i l\u00f8pet av denne perioden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vekst i norsk \u00f8konomi var ogs\u00e5 en del av opplysningstiden i Norge. Det var en kraftig vekst i den norske eksporten, spesielt under perioder med internasjonale konflikter som Danmark-Norge ikke var involvert i. Dette var fordi de krigende landene trengte mat, metaller og treverk som de kunne importere fra Norge. Eksportn\u00e6ringer som fiske, trelast, jern og kobber var viktige for Norge. Spesielt trelasthandelen var viktig. Trelasthandelen blomstret i andre halvdel av 1700-tallet og mye ble solgt til England. England har ikke s\u00e5 mye tre og for \u00e5 bygge b\u00e5ter trengte de tre fra Norge. Mange b\u00f8nder kunne tjene litt ekstra med \u00e5 v\u00e6re en del av trelastn\u00e6ringen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Men opplysningstiden var ikke radikal i Norge og Danmark. Politisk var det veldig lite diskusjon. Danmark-Norge var et enevelde. Det vil si at kongen hadde all makt. Det var nesten ingen i Danmark-Norge som offentlig kritiserte eller utfordret kongemakten. Politisk var det derfor lite som endret seg i Norge under opplysningstiden. Og det var heller ikke en tid for fri debatt og \u00e5penhet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kort oppsummert var norsk opplysningstid en tid preget av \u00f8konomisk vekst, helseforbedringer, og \u00f8kt kunnskap og opplysning. Det var ogs\u00e5 en tid preget av kulturell utvikling som satte grunnlaget for den moderne norske nasjonen. Den \u00f8kende levealderen og befolkningsveksten gjorde Norge i stand til \u00e5 m\u00f8te de utfordringene og endringene som skulle komme p\u00e5 1800-tallet. Likevel var ikke opplysningstiden like tydelig i Norge som mange andre europeiske land, og heller ikke like radikal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Age of Enlightenment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. It was a period of significant changes in Norway. New ideas arrived in Norway from other European countries. New plants, like the potato, came from South America. People enjoyed better health and longer lives. This was a period marked by the ideals and values of the Enlightenment, although the Norwegian Enlightenment was not identical to the French. But what was the Enlightenment really?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when intellectuals in Europe, led by French intellectuals, began advocating for science, freedom, and tolerance. The French philosophers Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are especially well-known. In Norway, the Enlightenment was led by priests and bishops.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Priests played a central role as intellectuals in Norway. They formed networks for the collection and dissemination of knowledge. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, the bishop of Trondheim, was particularly important. He was a skilled network builder for Norwegian science and gathered a wealth of historical and scientific knowledge in Norway. Priests also played a crucial role in spreading knowledge in agriculture. This is how the potato was introduced to Norway. Priests, who earned the nickname &#8220;potato priests,&#8221; traveled around Norway and convinced farmers to plant potatoes from South America. Potatoes are highly resilient, and many in Norway had more to eat because of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Enlightenment in Norway also saw improvements in health and life expectancy. During this period, there was a significant increase in life expectancy. In 1750, the average life expectancy in Norway was only 35 years. This did not mean that people died at the age of 35, but rather that there was high child mortality. Additionally, many died from diseases like the plague. However, towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, life expectancy began to rise. This was due in part to a better understanding of health, hygiene, and nutrition. Hospitals, pharmacies, and midwifery training were established as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A significant factor behind the increasing life expectancy and population growth was the decline in mortality. Plague epidemics that had ravaged earlier times disappeared from Europe. Other epidemics, like typhus, dysentery, and smallpox, gradually became less catastrophic and nearly disappeared after 1815. This led to a significant increase in the population during this period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Economic growth was also part of the Enlightenment in Norway. There was a strong growth in Norwegian exports, especially during periods of international conflicts in which Denmark-Norway was not involved. This was because the warring countries needed food, metals, and timber that they could import from Norway. Export industries such as fishing, timber, iron, and copper were important for Norway. Timber trade, in particular, thrived in the second half of the 18th century, with much of it being sold to England. England didn&#8217;t have as much timber, and they needed Norwegian timber to build ships. Many farmers could earn extra income by being part of the timber industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the Enlightenment was not radical in Norway and Denmark. There was very little political discussion. Denmark-Norway was an absolute monarchy, meaning the king had all the power. There were almost no public critics or challenges to the monarchy in Denmark-Norway. Politically, therefore, very little changed in Norway during the Enlightenment, and it was not a time of free debate and openness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Summary: Norwegian Enlightenment was a period characterized by economic growth, improvements in health, increased knowledge and enlightenment, and cultural development that laid the foundation for the modern Norwegian nation. The increasing life expectancy and population growth enabled Norway to meet the challenges and changes that would come in the 19th century. Nevertheless, the Enlightenment was not as pronounced in Norway as in many other European countries, and it was not as radical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vocabulario:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Norwegian Word<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>English Translation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Example Sentence<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Opplysningstid<\/td><td>Enlightenment<\/td><td>Norsk <strong>opplysningstid <\/strong>begynte tidlig p\u00e5 1700-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preget av<\/td><td>Characterized by<\/td><td>Dette var en periode som ble <strong>preget av<\/strong> opplysningstidens tanker og ideer.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prester<\/td><td>Priests<\/td><td>I Norge ble opplysningstiden ledet av <strong>prester<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biskoper<\/td><td>Bishops<\/td><td>Johan Ernst Gunnerus, <strong>biskopen <\/strong>i Trondheim, var en sv\u00e6rt viktig person i norsk opplysningstid.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Formidling<\/td><td>Dissemination<\/td><td>De dannet nettverk for innsamling og <strong>formidling <\/strong>av kunnskap.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunnskap<\/td><td>Knowledge<\/td><td>Han samlet mye historisk og naturvitenskapelig <strong>kunnskap<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jordbruk<\/td><td>Agriculture<\/td><td>Prestene var ogs\u00e5 viktige med \u00e5 spre kunnskap i <strong>jordbruket<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Epidemier<\/td><td>Epidemics<\/td><td>Andre <strong>epidemier<\/strong>, som flekktyfus, dysenteri og kopper fortsatte \u00e5 drepe folk i Norge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Folketallet<\/td><td>Population<\/td><td>Bedre helse gjorde at <strong>folketallet <\/strong>\u00f8kte betydelig i Norge p\u00e5 1700-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eksportn\u00e6ringer<\/td><td>Export Industries<\/td><td>De viktigste <strong>eksportn\u00e6ringene <\/strong>i Norge var fiske, trelast, jern og kobber.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trelasthandel<\/td><td>Timber Trade<\/td><td><strong>Trelasthandelen <\/strong>blomstret i Norge i andre halvdel av 1700-tallet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Enevelde<\/td><td>Absolute monarchy<\/td><td>Danmark-Norge var et <strong>enevelde<\/strong>. Det vil si at kongen hadde all makt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Utfordret<\/td><td>Challenged<\/td><td>Det var nesten ingen i Danmark-Norge som offentlig kritiserte eller <strong>utfordret <\/strong>kongemakten.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fri debatt<\/td><td>Free Debate<\/td><td>Og det var heller ikke en tid for <strong>fri debatt<\/strong> og \u00e5penhet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kort oppsummert<\/td><td>In brief<\/td><td><strong>Kort oppsummert<\/strong> var norsk opplysningstid en tid preget av \u00f8konomisk vekst, fokus p\u00e5 kunnskap og forbedringer i helse.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. It was a period of significant changes in Norway. New ideas arrived in Norway from other European countries. New plants, like the potato, came from South America. People enjoyed better health and longer lives. This was a period marked by the ideals and values of the Enlightenment, although the Norwegian Enlightenment was not identical to the French. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[249],"tags":[75,871,870],"class_list":["post-21318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-norsk-for-beginners","tag-norsk-historie","tag-opplysningstiden","tag-the-enlightenment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>7.3 - The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century) &#8211; L\u00e6r norsk n\u00e5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/91.98.205.163:8089\/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"7.3 - The Enlightenment in Norway (the 18th century) &#8211; L\u00e6r norsk n\u00e5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. 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